Irrigation Engineering: Comprehensive Set 02

Irrigation Mastery Set 2 (30 Qs) | Science Stoppers

1. The “Wilting Point” is a soil moisture characteristic where: “विल्टिंग पॉइंट” मिट्टी की नमी की एक विशेषता है जहाँ:

A) Plants extract water at maximum rate
B) Plants can no longer extract water
C) Soil is completely dry
D) Gravity water is maximum

Correct: B. At this point, the surface tension of the water film is higher than the suction power of the plant roots.

2. According to Bligh’s theory, the safety against piping is ensured by: ब्लाई के सिद्धांत के अनुसार, पाइपिंग के खिलाफ सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित की जाती है:

A) Increasing the floor thickness
B) Providing a downstream pile
C) Increasing the total creep length
D) Reducing the water head

Correct: C. Bligh assumes that water creeps along the bottom profile of the structure. Safety is achieved if L ≥ C × H.

3. A “Syphon Spillway” works on the principle of: “साइफन स्पिलवे” किस सिद्धांत पर कार्य करता है?

A) Gravity flow
B) Negative pressure/Suction
C) Mechanical pumping
D) Centrifugal force

Correct: B. It utilizes the difference in elevation to create a vacuum, allowing for higher discharge capacities compared to gravity spillways.

4. In Lacey’s theory, the “Hydraulic Mean Radius” (R) is given by: लेसी के सिद्धांत में, “हाइड्रोलिक माध्य त्रिज्या” (R) किसके द्वारा दी जाती है?

A) 5/2 (V²/f)
B) 2/5 (V²/f)
C) 5/2 (f/V²)
D) 2/5 (f/V²)

Correct: A. The relationship is R = 2.5 (V²/f).

5. Which method of irrigation is best suited for orchards? फलों के बगीचों (orchards) के लिए सिंचाई की कौन सी विधि सबसे उपयुक्त है?

A) Check flooding
B) Basin flooding
C) Border flooding
D) Furrow method

Correct: B. Basin flooding creates a small circular or square pool around each tree.

6. The alkalinity of soil is indicated by a pH value: मिट्टी की क्षारीयता किस pH मान से इंगित होती है?

A) Less than 7
B) Equal to 7
C) More than 7
D) Between 4 and 5

Correct: C. pH > 7 is alkaline, pH < 7 is acidic. Most fertile soils are between 6 and 8.5.

7. A “Head Regulator” is provided at the: “हेड रेगुलेटर” कहाँ प्रदान किया जाता है?

A) Tail end of a canal
B) Off-take point of a canal
C) Middle of the river
D) Downstream of a weir

Correct: B. It controls the amount of water entering the off-taking canal from the main source.

8. “Galloping” or “Meandering” of a river is caused by: नदी का “मिएन्डरिंग” (Meandering) किसके कारण होता है?

A) Excessive silt load
B) Low discharge
C) Non-erodible banks
D) Rocky bed

Correct: A. A river meanders to dissipate excess energy when the silt load is more than the carrying capacity for the given slope.

9. The “Sensitiveness” of a rigid module is: एक “रिजिड मॉड्यूल” की संवेदनशीलता (Sensitiveness) होती है:

A) 1.0
B) Infinity
C) Zero
D) 0.5

Correct: C. Because the discharge is constant regardless of water level fluctuations, the sensitivity is zero.

10. For the design of a gravity dam, “Wave Pressure” is calculated using: ग्रेविटी बांध के डिजाइन के लिए, “वेव प्रेशर” (Wave Pressure) की गणना किससे की जाती है?

A) Froude’s equation
B) Molitor’s formula
C) Manning’s formula
D) Terzaghi’s theory

Correct: B. Molitor’s formula relates wave height to the fetch (length of water surface).

11. A “Siphon” is a cross-drainage work where the canal: “साइफन” एक क्रॉस-ड्रेनेज कार्य है जहाँ नहर:

A) Passes over the drainage at atmospheric pressure
B) Passes under the drainage under pressure
C) Passes over the drainage under pressure
D) Passes under the drainage at atmospheric pressure

Correct: B. Also known as a Canal Siphon. The canal bed is lowered below the drainage.

12. The “Capacity Factor” of a canal is the ratio of: नहर का “कैपेसिटी फैक्टर” किसका अनुपात है?

A) Average discharge to Maximum discharge
B) Mean discharge to Full Supply Discharge
C) Actual area to Proposed area
D) Peak demand to Mean demand

Correct: B. It indicates the utilization efficiency of the canal’s design capacity.

13. According to Khosla, the “Exit Gradient” depends on: खोसला के अनुसार, “एग्जिट ग्रेडिएंट” किस पर निर्भर करता है?

A) Upstream pile only
B) Downstream pile only
C) Mid piles only
D) Floor thickness

Correct: B. The exit gradient is primarily controlled by the depth of the downstream sheet pile.

14. What is the “Pore Pressure” in an earth dam? मिट्टी के बांध में “पोर प्रेशर” (Pore Pressure) क्या है?

A) Pressure of water in soil voids
B) Pressure of air in soil voids
C) Pressure of the soil particles
D) Total vertical stress

Correct: A. High pore pressure reduces the effective stress and can lead to dam failure.

15. “Consumptive use” of water by a crop is: फसल द्वारा पानी का “उपभोगकारी उपयोग” (Consumptive use) है:

A) Evaporation + Transpiration
B) Transpiration + Infiltration
C) Evaporation + Runoff
D) Pre-irrigation only

Correct: A. Often measured in mm/day or cm/month.

16. The most economical section for a lined canal is: लाइन वाली नहर के लिए सबसे किफायती सेक्शन कौन सा है?

A) Rectangular
B) Trapezoidal with rounded corners
C) Triangular
D) Circular

Correct: B. For small discharges, triangular is used; for large, trapezoidal with rounded corners is standard.

17. “Levee” is a term used for: “लेवी” (Levee) शब्द का प्रयोग किसके लिए किया जाता है?

A) A type of spillway
B) A flood protection embankment
C) A canal fall
D) A river bridge

Correct: B. Also called marginal bunds, built parallel to the river.

18. If the discharge of a canal is 100 cumecs, the “Wetted Perimeter” according to Lacey is: यदि नहर का डिस्चार्ज 100 क्यूमेक है, तो लेसी के अनुसार “भीगा हुआ परिमाप” क्या है?

A) 47.5 m
B) 4.75 m
C) 100 m
D) 475 m

Correct: A. P = 4.75 √100 = 47.5 m.

19. Which of the following is an “Attracting Groyne”? निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा “अट्रैक्टिंग ग्रोइन” (Attracting Groyne) है?

A) Points upstream
B) Points downstream
C) Perpendicular to bank
D) Parallel to flow

Correct: B. It attracts the river flow towards the bank on which it is built.

20. “Fetch” is defined as: “फेच” (Fetch) को किस रूप में परिभाषित किया गया है?

A) Height of the dam
B) Unobstructed distance over which wind blows
C) Depth of the reservoir
D) Width of the spillway

Correct: B. Higher fetch results in higher wave heights.

21. “Drip irrigation” is also known as: “ड्रिप सिंचाई” को और किस नाम से जाना जाता है?

A) Overhead irrigation
B) Trickle irrigation
C) Sub-surface irrigation
D) Inundation irrigation

Correct: B. Water is applied drop-by-drop near the root zone.

22. The “Flexibility” (F) of an outlet is: एक आउटलेट की “लचीलापन” (Flexibility) है:

A) dq/dQ
B) (dq/q) / (dQ/Q)
C) Q/q
D) S/q

Correct: B. It is the ratio of rate of change of outlet discharge to the rate of change of distributary discharge.

23. “Piping failure” in a hydraulic structure occurs due to: हाइड्रोलिक संरचना में “पाइपिंग विफलता” किसके कारण होती है?

A) Overtopping
B) High exit gradient
C) Uplift pressure
D) Foundation settlement

Correct: B. When the exit gradient exceeds the critical gradient, soil particles are washed away.

24. A “Canal Escape” acts as a: “कैनाल एस्केप” (Canal Escape) किस रूप में कार्य करता है?

A) Pressure valve
B) Safety valve
C) Silt controller
D) Discharge meter

Correct: B. It removes surplus water from the canal to prevent bank breaches.

25. “Silt Ejector” is located: “सिल्ट इजेक्टर” कहाँ स्थित होता है?

A) In the river
B) In the canal, downstream of the head regulator
C) At the tail end
D) On the spillway

Correct: B. It ejects silt that has already entered the canal.

26. A “Barrage” is different from a “Weir” because: एक “बैराज” एक “वियर” से अलग है क्योंकि:

A) It has no crest
B) It is controlled by gates
C) It is built on rocky soil
D) It is smaller

Correct: B. In a barrage, the water level is controlled mostly by gates; in a weir, it’s by the crest height.

27. Which soil has the highest “Field Capacity”? किस मिट्टी में “फील्ड कैपेसिटी” सबसे अधिक होती है?

A) Sand
B) Silt
C) Clay
D) Gravel

Correct: C. Clay has the smallest pores and thus the highest surface area to hold water against gravity.

28. The “Useful Storage” in a reservoir is the volume between: जलाशय में “उपयोगी भंडारण” किसके बीच का आयतन है?

A) Minimum Pool Level and Normal Pool Level
B) Normal Pool Level and Maximum Pool Level
C) River bed and Minimum Pool Level
D) River bed and Maximum Pool Level

Correct: A. This is the water available for irrigation or power generation.

29. “Freeboard” in an earth dam is the distance between: मिट्टी के बांध में “फ्रीबोर्ड” किसके बीच की दूरी है?

A) MWL and Top of Dam
B) FRL and Top of Dam
C) Ground and MWL
D) Heel and Toe

Correct: A. It prevents overtopping by waves during maximum flood levels.

30. “Kennedy’s Theory” assumes that eddies are generated from: “कैनेडी का सिद्धांत” मानता है कि भँवर (eddies) कहाँ से उत्पन्न होते हैं?

A) Only sides
B) Only bed
C) Both bed and sides
D) Only from the surface

Correct: B. This was a limitation; Lacey later corrected this by assuming eddies are generated from the entire wetted perimeter.

Irrigation Engineering: Comprehensive Set 02

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